POLA KONSUMSI IKAN DAN MONITORING PERTUMBUHAN SEBAGAI DETERMINAN STUNTING PADA BALITA DI DAERAH PESISIR PANTAI
Abstract
Ikan adalah salah satu sumber protein dan mikronutrien yang penting untuk pertumbuhan. Indonesia merupakan negara ketiga penghasil ikan terbesar di dunia dan Maluku merupakan jantung Segitiga Terumbu Karang Dunia dengan biodiversitas laut tertinggi. Sayangnya, potensi perikanan yang tinggi tersebut tidak selaras dengan angka kejadian stunting yang masih relatif tinggi di Provinsi Maluku. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah pola konsumsi ikan dan monitoring pertumbuhan merupakan determinan stunting pada balita di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Hitu Kabupaten Maluku Tengah. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode unmatched case control study pada bulan Mei - September 2023. Responden dalam penelitian ini adalah balita yang berjumlah 105 orang (35 kasus dan 70 kontrol). Data terkait pola konsumsi ikan dan monitoring pertumbuhan pada balita diperoleh malalui pengisian kuesioner. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar responden mengkonsumsi ikan dan sebagian besar responden mengkonsumsi ikan pertama kali pada umur 12-24 bulan. Dari segi frekuensi makan ikan, balita tidak stunting lebih sering mengkonsumsi ikan dibandingkan dengan balita stunting. Berdasarkan data monitoring pertumbuhan, diketahui bahwa terdapat 23% balita responden tidak rutin dibawa ke Posyandu, masih ada orang tua yang tidak mengetahui hasil penimbangan (22%) dan tidak tahu cara membaca grafik pertumbuhan (36%) sehingga tidak mengetahui status gizi anaknya (41%). Berdasarkan hasil uji chi square diketahui bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara pola konsumsi ikan dan monitoring pertumbuhan dengan stunting (x2 = 0,019 untuk frekuensi makan ikan dan x2 = 0,000 untuk setiap variabel monitoring pertumbuhan). Kampanye konsumsi ikan dan edukasi terkait monitoring pertumbuhan serta penguatan peran kader diperlukan sebagai upaya strategis untuk menurunkan angka stunting pada balita.
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